The
environment of management constantly varies, and requirements to managers
increase. Changes cause a pressure and resistance for many people and
organizations. Feature of coaching consists of orientation on positive and
directed changes. Such approach provides decrease a level of resistance and
warning of employees of the organization in situation of expectation of
changes. The primary goal of the manager-coach is organization to changes for
development not only organization, but also a personnel.
To plan and support to the changes
directed on development of the organization, it is possible only through
activation of awareness of initiated process by personnel. It allows the head
to model the internal organizational environment purposefully.
When the head initiates changes, he
should concentrate the efforts on regular changes of operating conditions, as
start point of process, and on changes of behavior of employees, as the key
factor influencing changes in the organization. On the other hand, negative
changes of behavior not necessarily lead to negative changes of the
organization as there is a process of adaptation of employees to carried out
changes.
Really, people is important resource,
which provides development of the enterprise and which is in each organization.
Corporative cultures, specific of motivation and training of the personnel of
each organization are different. Coaching is modern approach in management of
the personnel, which allows to create such internal environment of the
organization which not «using employees », and induces to self-training and
self-development.
Speed of changes constantly increases,
and realization of innovations appears for a survival of the majority of
companies is the critical factor.
Many organizations meet with a following
dilemma. Workers want, that all remains without changes, and it is necessary
for organization to adapt, carry out innovations and continuously to develop.
The model of changes is a way of
representation of innovative process, structure which helps us to realize
changes and to promote them.
Psychologists of Psychology Department of
Coaching from the Sydney University have established, that three models in the
greatest measure promote understanding of an essence of changes from a position
of coaching [1]:
• The theory of a field of K.Levin (1947);• Transit model of change of
U.Briges (1986);
• Transtheoretical model of change of D.Prohazki and K.D. Кlemente (1982).
One of aspects of the theory of K.Levin -
the analysis of a field - has been developed in 1947, it’s very important for
coaching. Basics of this model are those [1]:
1. Social systems, and the organizations including, usually prefer a
condition of balance.
2. Change is possible only in that case when motive powers accrue (for
example, the new personnel, change of the market, new technology) or when
constraining forces (for example, fear of the separate person before failure,
inertia of the organization) decrease.
3. Change occurs, when balance between driving and constraining forces
is broken.
4. After change system aims of balance.
To use K.Levin's model in management of
the conflict, follows to lead audit of all forces; to separate complex
situations into components; to use visual representations; to have a simple
plan of action; "to fix” a new situation.
This model presents, as a whole, a
mechanical point of view at change. It can be useful, when the manager has
confused and not clear situation. K.Levin's model is a way of supervision over
an event.
According to Transit model of change of
U.Briges, any transition, even from bad to good, whether it be career, refusal
of a bad habit, etc., begin with the finished something. At any kind of changes
something is lost. If the manager understands it, can promote the employees in
overcoming feelings of grief and loss which accompany the majority ending. Sometimes
simply enough to recognize presence of such feelings. This model helps to
manager to understand the reasons of negative emotions of personnel in
situation of changing, their emotional resistance and conflict behavior.
The model James Prohazka and K.D. Кlemente reflects cylices of
changes and represents them as the process consisting of separate stages. If
manager knows, at what stage there is a person, he can helps him to realize and
accept changes. Hi can use technology of coaching, system of effective and
clear questions for understanding targets and creating the best strategies of
development.
It is always heavily to leave a zone of
comfort even if changes are desirable. Sometimes the person is afraid of the
future changes only because it should be defined with the purpose, the aim. If
the manager will overcome resistance (for example in a situation, when it is
not enough time), the employee who does not wish to move ahead, will be
compelled to protect the position. This protection can become the conflict. In
this situation skills of conducting democratic dialogue are necessary [2]. As a
basis for development of these skills the technology of coaching can be very
useful.
When the manager uses concrete models of
change, hi creates the structure of the work on support of organizational
changes. Use of models of change in complex with coaching with the personnel
considerably raises efficiency of innovative processes in the organization. Each
model is used the specific situation. K.Levin's model is useful, when the
situation is confused and not clear. U.Briges's model is effective in work with
emotional components of change. D.Prohazka and K.D. Кlemente model use when the
personnel is in a condition of reflections and doubts of necessity of changes.
So, changes make a necessary basis of
organizational development, and should be considered as a natural condition of
the spontaneous organization.
Resistance to changes from the personnel
is operated process. Therefore the important component at support of
organizational changes is use of tools caching-technology, allowing to minimize
or remove resistance of the personnel and to reorient on achievement of objects
in view.
THE LITERATURE
1. The Grant, E. Coaching of Decision-making. - SPb, 2005.
2. Dauny, M. Effective Coaching.- Moscow,
2005.
3. Lutens, F. Behavior in Organization. - Мoscow, 1999.
4. Witmor, G. Coaching is New style of Management of the Personnel.- Moscow,
2001.
3. Blak S., Margulies N. An Ideological Perspective on Participation: A
Case for Integration, Jornal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 2, no.
1, 1989.
4. Burke W., Litwin G. A Casual Model of Organizational Perfomance and
Change, Jornal of Management, vol. 18, no. 3, 1992
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